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Date of Award

Spring 2025

Degree Name

Master of Medical Science (Physician Assistant)

Department

Physician Assistant; College of Health Sciences

First Advisor

Sophie Farley, MMS, PA-C

Second Advisor

Lori Bodenheimer, MMS, PA-C

Abstract

Abstract:

Stroke is a leading cause of death in the United States, impacting approximately 795,000 individuals annually.1 According to the CDC, the financial burden of strokes on the U.S. healthcare system exceeds $56.5 billion each year.1 Given the significant mortality rate and economic costs associated with stroke, reducing its prevalence must remain a priority. This CME article will explore both pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies for preventing ischemic stroke, particularly in vulnerable populations. These groups include individuals with comorbid medical conditions and those impacted by Social Determinants of Health (SDOH). Current modalities will be analyzed via evidence-based medicine, to gain insight into the effect of stroke prevention on patient outcomes. Additionally, risk assessment tools will be examined for their efficacy in early stroke detection. The purpose of this article is to equip healthcare professionals with the resources to prevent ischemic stroke in at-risk patient populations.

Comments

Questions:

1. Which of the following is a negative outcome of ischemic stroke?

A) Enhance neuroplasticity resulting in functional recovery

B) Chronic neurological deficits, such as aphasia

C) Worsen hypoglycemia in non-diabetic patients

D) Permanent immunosuppression via white blood cell destruction

2. Which of the following statements accurately describes the risk factors associated with ischemic stroke.

A) Mitral valve prolapse directly increases the risk of ischemic stroke

B) Cigarette smoking damages blood vessels by inducing a hypercoagulable state

C) The Mediterranean diet emphasizes consumption of red meats instead of fish

D) Hypertension is the most common risk factor for stroke

3. Which of the following statements is true about the relationship between exercise and stroke reduction?

A) High-intensity exercise is defined at 90-95% of a patient’s maximum heart rate

B) Plyometric exercises are an example of moderate-intensity aerobic activity

C) Exercise can cause vasodilation via stimulation of nitrous oxide

D) 100 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise per week is recommended for patients at risk for stroke

4. Which of the following is a component of the ABCD2 score?

A) Age >75 years

B) Hyperlipidemia

C) Unilateral weakness of the body

D) Female sex

Answers: 1. B, 2. D, 3. C, 4. C

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"Prophylactic Measures for Ischemic Stroke Prevention in At-Risk Populations"

Abstract:

Stroke is a leading cause of death in the United States, impacting approximately 795,000 individuals annually.1 According to the CDC, the financial burden of strokes on the U.S. healthcare system exceeds $56.5 billion each year.1 Given the significant mortality rate and economic costs associated with stroke, reducing its prevalence must remain a priority. This CME article will explore both pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies for preventing ischemic stroke, particularly in vulnerable populations. These groups include individuals with comorbid medical conditions and those impacted by Social Determinants of Health (SDOH). Current modalities will be analyzed via evidence-based medicine, to gain insight into the effect of stroke prevention on patient outcomes. Additionally, risk assessment tools will be examined for their efficacy in early stroke detection. The purpose of this article is to equip healthcare professionals with the resources to prevent ischemic stroke in at-risk patient populations.