Loading...

Media is loading
 

Date of Award

Spring 2024

Degree Name

Master of Medical Science (Physician Assistant)

Department

Physician Assistant; College of Health Sciences

First Advisor

Jaime Shaffer, MPAS, PA-C

Abstract

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by difficulties with sustained attention, hyperactivity, and impulsiveness. Many of the symptoms of ADHD are characterized by executive function dysfunction. The exact pathophysiology of ADHD remains unknown, but research suggests neurophysiologic differences between people with and without ADHD, including reduced volume and functionality in brain matter in the prefrontal cortex, caudate, and cerebellum, as well as slower prefrontal cortex maturation. The effect is dysfunction in neurotransmitters responsible for dopamine and epinephrine leading to distractibility and impulsiveness. People with ADHD experience poorer outcomes, including increased prevalence of comorbid psychiatric disorders, obesity, issues at home, work, and school, criminality, relationship issues, and more. In many cases, ADHD progresses into adulthood, and so, it is a lifelong disorder with lasting effects. Currently, behavioral interventions and medication (stimulant and non-stimulant) are the mainstays in the treatment of ADHD. However, these treatments may not be accessible to all populations, especially those of lower incomes. Additionally, medications are not without adverse side effects, including decreased appetite and insomnia. An adjuvant treatment to this condition that is more easily accessible would be extremely beneficial. Physical activity is accessible to all, and with few side effects. This special topic article will discuss current evidence supporting the efficacy of physical activity in improving measures of executive function in individuals with ADHD.

Download

Share

COinS
 

Prescribing Physical Activity as an Adjuvant Treatment in the Management of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by difficulties with sustained attention, hyperactivity, and impulsiveness. Many of the symptoms of ADHD are characterized by executive function dysfunction. The exact pathophysiology of ADHD remains unknown, but research suggests neurophysiologic differences between people with and without ADHD, including reduced volume and functionality in brain matter in the prefrontal cortex, caudate, and cerebellum, as well as slower prefrontal cortex maturation. The effect is dysfunction in neurotransmitters responsible for dopamine and epinephrine leading to distractibility and impulsiveness. People with ADHD experience poorer outcomes, including increased prevalence of comorbid psychiatric disorders, obesity, issues at home, work, and school, criminality, relationship issues, and more. In many cases, ADHD progresses into adulthood, and so, it is a lifelong disorder with lasting effects. Currently, behavioral interventions and medication (stimulant and non-stimulant) are the mainstays in the treatment of ADHD. However, these treatments may not be accessible to all populations, especially those of lower incomes. Additionally, medications are not without adverse side effects, including decreased appetite and insomnia. An adjuvant treatment to this condition that is more easily accessible would be extremely beneficial. Physical activity is accessible to all, and with few side effects. This special topic article will discuss current evidence supporting the efficacy of physical activity in improving measures of executive function in individuals with ADHD.